In children, the injection dosage is based upon weight in kilograms. While the dosages are significantly smaller for most children than adults, they are also individualized to each pediatric patient. If the patient is on a heparin drip, the drip will be adjusted according to lab results in the same way adults would be.
It is not uncommon for bruising to appear around heparin injection sites. But small bruises are considered a normal side effect of administration and are not typical signs of a problem. A patient who spends an extended period of time in the hospital and receiving three heparin injections a day may end up with a belly covered in small bruises in varying stages of healing.
Too much heparin can cause the blood to become too thin and can result in bleeding. An overdose of heparin, such as giving an infant an adult dose of the drug, can cause bleeding so severe that it can result in death. The most common signs of heparin overdose include nosebleeds, blood in the urine, or blood in the stool.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia HIT is a rare complication of heparin administration. HIT happens when heparin causes a drastic reduction in the number of platelets, the blood cells that cause clotting.
This can lead to bleeding, but also, the platelets clump together and form clots in arteries, requiring emergency surgery to open them up again. In most cases, stopping the delivery of heparin is an effective treatment. Heparin is a well-studied medication that has a strong record of preventing blood clots and thrombus—both of which can be life-threatening. Side effects, aside from bleeding more easily, are rare but can be significant when they occur.
For most patients, the reward of using heparin after surgery is far greater than the potential risks, but any concerns should be addressed with the surgeon or member of the team providing care while in the hospital.
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